what are the advantages and disadvantages of grievance mediation
Suppose that parties and their lawyers have exhausted their attempts to negotiate a resolution. It can be viewed as a spectrum, under which sit behaviours varying in severity, for example social undermining at the lower end, and bullying at the more serious end. If you're interested in resolving a legal issue through mediation, you should be aware that there are both disadvantages and advantages to this process. Nothing Overlooked. What are the Advantages of Mediation? Your email address will not be published. Win Win Negotiations: Cant Beat Them? WebGrievance Mediation FMCS grievance mediation is a means of helping labor and management improve their relationships by more quickly resolving contractual disputes and improving workplace communications. The benefit of mediation is the fact that the parties to the mediation come to their own agreement. An agreement that ends the dispute. My Boss Moved Me Out Of My Office Its Not The First Time, 5 Things I Would Like to Have From My Employer, Review Of Ethical Breaches And How To Analyze Them, Why Human Resource Management Is Important For A Company, Merits And Demerits Of Grievance Procedure 3 advantages and 3 drawbacks, 6 Tips What to Do When Employee is Stealing at Your Company. When it comes to dispute resolution, there are so many choices available to us. Staff turnover and associated recruitment costs. During these meetings, the mediator will also seek agreement from the parties to a facilitated joint meeting. However, at some point during a joint meeting, a key stage is for the mediator to move the focus away from the past (grievances and experiences) and towards what the parties want to happen now and in future. Gain the fundamentals of employment law so you can confidently handle common employment issues that arise on a day-to-day basis. This may be a legal matter and require different facilitation skills. In some organisations, mediation is written into formal discipline and grievance procedures as an optional stage. Try Deal Structuring with Conditions, Dear Negotiation Coach: Finding New Ways to Improve Hiring Practices, How Mediation Can Help Resolve Pro Sports Disputes, Negotiation Research on Mediation Techniques: Focus on Interests, Mediation vs Arbitration The Alternative Dispute Resolution Process, Interest-Based Negotiation: In Mediation, Focus on Your Goals, Using E-Mediation and Online Mediation Techniques for Conflict Resolution. 3. In general, most in the UK have positive work relationships. Create a new password of your choice. The complainant has the freedom to come forth with their problem because the rules protect them from retaliation from the company. In this increasingly popular process, parties first attempt to collaborate on an agreement with the help of a mediator. WebMediation is a voluntary process led by an impartial third party to resolve conflict. WebAdvantages Faster determination or decision on the issues in comparison to arbitration. The main advantages they both have over a trial are the savings of cost and time, and a greater degree of predictability in the outcome. WebThere are many benefits of mediation. The parties thereafter explore settlement amicably. Mediation can be effective at allowing parties to vent their feelings and fully explore their grievances. If a med-arbiter is handling the entire process, she would impose a binding decision based on her judgments about the case. For example, mediation can help to: reduce stress keep valuable employees avoid more formal processes, such as going to employment tribunal stop more grievances being raised avoid paying high costs, for example, employment tribunal claims Mediation outcomes are decided by everyone involved and can be flexible. It is necessary and not developing proper grievance procedures is a violation of the law not to mention the ethical violations. Dealing with Difficult People and Negotiation: When Should You Give Up the Fight? Managerial & Financial Accounting & Reporting, Government, Legal System, Administrative Law, & Constitutional Law, Business Entities, Corporate Governance & Ownership, Business Transactions, Antitrust, & Securities Law, Real Estate, Personal, & Intellectual Property, Commercial Law: Contract, Payments, Security Interests, & Bankruptcy, Operations, Project, & Supply Chain Management, Global Business, International Law & Relations, Management, Leadership, & Organizational Behavior, Research, Quantitative Analysis, & Decision Science, Investments, Trading, and Financial Markets, Business Finance, Personal Finance, and Valuation Principles. While they generally get along well, they are unable to reach a resolution on this dispute. If left unchecked, it can fester and escalate, potentially leading to grievance and discipline procedures or employment tribunals. Top 10 Work-Related Movies For The Last 10 Years, Why Your Loyal People Leaving Your Business. The primary disadvantage is that there is no certainty of resolving the matter. Advantages. Conflict can occur in any employment relationship and is best dealt with early at source. Share your story with us in the comments section below. The ability to file a grievance with the company is the right of every employee. Mark and Sam are considering submitting their dispute to a mediator. LEWIS, C. (2015) How to master workplace and employment mediation. Reviewed in In a Nutshell, issue 103. If no agreement is reached, other procedures may later be used to try to resolve the conflict. What if there is no dispute resolution and the dispute remains unresolved? Protection against retaliation. When? http://naarb.org//proceedings/pdfs/2009-224.pdf You know that arbitration would wrap up your dispute resolution conclusively, but it wouldnt give you much say in the outcome. Grievance mediation is not Sometimes, the procedure may seem a bit too much hassle. WebThe advantage to mediation is that, since both parties participate in resolving the dispute, they are more likely to carry out the settlement agreed upon. PON Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School - https://www.pon.harvard.edu, By Help parties involved in conflict to hold open conversations that would normally be too difficult to have constructively. Finally, it offers guidance on implementing mediation. Mediation can be used for conflict involving colleagues of a similar job or grade, or between those with different jobs and levels of seniority. The disputants can negotiate virtually any aspect of the arbitration process, including whether lawyers will be present at the time and which standards of evidence will be used. Unworkable relationships and a decline in productivity. There are numerous advantages and a few disadvantages to mediating a dispute. Mark and Sam are in a business relationship. A joint meeting with both parties. Youre not sure which of two common dispute resolution processes, mediation or arbitration, to use to resolve your conflict. Conflict can occur in any employment relationship and is best dealt with early at source. WebAdvantages - (a) Grievance mediation is a cost effective and time effective solution to the dispute, unlike the formal judicial system. View the full answer. Best Negotiation Books: A Negotiation Reading List, Use a Negotiation Preparation Worksheet for Continuous Improvement, Make the Most of Your Salary Negotiations, Negotiating a Salary When Compensation Is Public, Negotiation Research: To Curb Deceptive Tactics in Negotiation, Confront Paranoid Pessimism. WebAttorney Hayes describes the advantages and disadvantages of grievance mediation, and the success of med-arb, from his perspective as an attorney practicing in Ontario, Canada. Cost setting up an internal scheme is likely to demand more upfront investment, but may be more cost-effective in the longer term. Mediation isnt a panacea for every dispute or disagreement in the workplace, but there are signs its underused and its potential not fully realised. The grievance is basically a formal complaint. 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Some of the drawbacks to mediation include: Party cannot be compelled to participate, except when ordered by Court; Need to establish a legal precedent; or complex procedural issues involved; Party with authority to settle is unavailable or unwilling to negotiate; May not be cost effective in a particular case; document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Understanding how to arrange the meeting space is a key aspect of preparing for negotiation. Conflict can occur in any employment relationship and is best dealt with early at source. Let us know in the comment section below. A joint meeting with both parties. Nonetheless, experiences of conflict or unfair treatment at work are not uncommon: a third of workers have experienced some form of interpersonal conflict, either an isolated dispute or ongoing difficult relationship, over the past year and 15% report being bullied over the past three years. It nonetheless follows a structured approach. 16 Biggest Advantages and Disadvantages of Mediation. 6. Generally, the mediator takes a small percentage of the total settlement amount between the parties. Disputes between parties can destroy their on-going relationship. Some of the drawbacks to mediation include: Party cannot be compelled to participate, except when ordered by Court; Need to establish a legal precedent; or complex procedural issues involved; Party with authority to settle is unavailable or unwilling to negotiate; May not be cost effective in a particular case; In Negotiation, Is Benevolent Deception Acceptable? Also, because both parties are participants as opposed to just witnesses, there is a feeling of personal satisfaction that comes with finding a resolution both parties are satisfied with. Well get back to you as soon as possible. They could have been working during this time. The amount of experience internal mediators get it needs to be enough for them to maintain their skills. Visit the CIPD and Kogan Page Bookshopto see all our priced publications currently in print. What is the process for challenging a mediation agreement? While the parties generally share the responsibility of paying the mediator, it avoids court fees, some legal fees, and other expenses associated with going to trial. 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In Negotiation, How Much Do Personality and Other Individual Differences Matter? Similarly, the grievance procedure is well-documented and can be referred to in the future. As with every facility, the grievance has also a few disadvantages, in some cases, it can even be misused. Settlements reached can feel more reasonable because they have been agreed to by both parties, instead of simply awarded to one side or the other. The voluntary nature of negotiation in the mediation process allows the parties to decide to pursue litigation or some other form of ADR. Its important that people are able to express their feelings to the other party about why they feel aggrieved and how the perceived unfair treatment has affected them. Likewise, it may also discourage employers from acting upon a complaint unless its formally written down. Familiar Procedure. Familiar Procedure. In many cases, the injured party seeks compensation for the harm or loss to make certain that the alleged wrong is not repeated. It is a very formal procedure. Was this document helpful? Copyright 2023 Negotiation Daily. The construction industry is unfortunately prone to dispute for which the traditional route to resolution was litigation; often a costly and long-winded affair. Lawyers on UpCounsel come from law schools such as Harvard Law and Yale Law and average 14 years of legal experience, including work with or on behalf of companies like Google, Menlo Ventures, and Airbnb. WebThere are many advantages of grievance mediation. View the full answer. How Long Will It Take To Settle Your Personal Injury Case? There are several advantages to grievance mediation. LEIGH, T. (2019) Do you need an external mediator?People Management (online). An evaluation by the mediator. All rights reserved. What are the advantages and disadvantages of mediation? It can also be used where theres a disagreement between a line manager and a member of staff, or groups of staff. The processes followed for investigation and conclusion can be made quite transparent. The Negotiation Journal Wants to Hear From You! Mediators, while they have some ability to bring balance to these sessions, are limited in how much they can actually do. Safety warning: When you know your mediator may ultimately decide your fate, you might feel inhibited about sharing confidential information with him about your interests. Arbitration avoids the risk that the parties won't agree and will end up in court anyway because the arbitrator makes the decisions and they are legally binding. They are central to mediation. Mediation has been used as a method of resolving disputes since time began, however it was not until the 1990s that it become an accepted part of the legal process. This means that, unlike a court case, they are not a matter of public record. The investigative and solution strategies are predefined and easily accessible for the employee. Mediation has a great deal to offer and should be actively promoted. UpCounsel accepts only the top 5 percent of lawyers to its site. The choice: arbitration vs. mediation. Advantages. Incorporated by Royal Charter, Registered Charity no. Its good practice for there to be a dedicated person responsible for overseeing the mediation arrangements. Each party recounts their story uninterrupted and listens to the other party's story. If left unchecked, it can fester and escalate, potentially leading to grievance and discipline procedures or employment tribunals. What are the Advantages of Mediation? Setting an expectation that colleagues in conflict try mediation before going through formal processes, and keep the option to halt the formal process at any time and return to mediation. The primary disadvantage is that there is no certainty of resolving the matter. Do you think businesses generally see litigation as a favorable or unfavorable option? Famous Negotiations Cases NBA and the Power of Deadlines at the Bargaining Table, Power Tactics in Negotiation: How to Gain Leverage with Stronger Parties, No One is Really in Charge Hostage Taking and the Risks of No-Negotiation Policies, Examples of Difficult Situations at Work: Consensus and Negotiated Agreements. Discover how to improve your dispute resolution skills in this free report, Dispute Resolution: Working Together Toward Conflict Resolution on the Job and at Home, from Harvard Law School. Arbitration is a more formal process for resolving disputes. While this is also a goal in mediation, equitable treatment can be hard to achieve in certain circumstances. 1. While rare, there are some cases where a resolution is not reached if both parties do not agree to the outcome. There may be any number of parties or case-specific benefits or detriments to mediation. I always refer this situation to a different arbitrator due to this safety concern. LIDDLE, D. (2017) Managing conflict: a practical guide to resolution in the workplace. You might have heard this word before. Youre not sure which of two common dispute resolution processes, mediation or arbitration, to use to resolve your conflict. The cost disadvantage of mediation is that it can still be expensive and not result in a resolution. (eds) (2016) Reframing resolution: innovation and change in the management of workplace conflict. It's very common for mediation to end without the parties successfully reaching a settlement agreement. On the other hand, in a court case, attorneys will have the ability to procure evidence and call witnesses, which is not available in mediation. The effects of incivility can spill over, whereby people tend to replicate inappropriate behaviour from colleagues and supervisors, especially when they have experienced incivility or bullying themselves. Although no dispute resolution procedure can guarantee specific outcomes, the following are some common benefits of mediation: The arbitrator's job is to listen to both sides and then make a decision that is mutually binding on both parties. There is yet a fourth method of dispute resolution not mentioned here. This changes after their emotions settle, and they are now open to other methods of resolution. Sessions where the mediator meets with each party individually. There are distinct phases in a mediation. The mediation process for the issue of grievance is less expensive than that of the traditional court system where a huge amount of funds to be spent. According to our report Real-life leaders: closing the knowing-doing gap, managing conflict and having difficult conversations are the top two challenges for leaders at all levels. Copyright 2023 Anderson Hunter Law. The mediator listens to both sides and offers suggestions that are supposed to help the parties come to a resolution. Your email address will not be published. Win Win Negotiations: Cant Beat Them? SAUNDRY, R., LATREILLE, P. and ASHMAN, I. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Always striving to maintain our long-standing reputation in Snohomish County for high quality cost-effective legal services. Theyre ready for outside help in ending their dispute, yet they dont know exactly where to turn. Raising awareness so that employees know that mediation is available and understand its value, even at an early stage of conflict. When will it be resolved? Size of the organisation it may be more appropriate for a small organisation to use external mediators who will be perceived as independent. It is related to higher levels of anxiety, burnout and depression and reduced self-esteem, job satisfaction and performance. Having HR generalists available to support people through effective conflict resolution. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'thebusinessprofessor_com-banner-1','ezslot_5',114,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-thebusinessprofessor_com-banner-1-0');Recall that mediation allows the parties to retain control over the dispute. They can often find themselves in the middle of the investigation, complying with the requirements of the investigative party. ADR can offer a compelling alternative to litigation which is often costly and damaging to business relationships whilst offering limited creative problem-solving opportunities. Too much paperwork and retardation of workflow. pp508-524. CIPD Applied Research Conference, Dublin, January. Required fields are marked *. Subscribe to our News Feed and get the latest on Local and State legal changes that impact your business and family. Help shape its future, Learning together, leading together investing in our whole community, Learn how mediation can resolve conflict in the workplace. It can be used at any stage in the conflict including to rebuild relationships after a formal dispute has been resolved. Some lawyers practice as mediators, as do managers, employees and trade union representatives through in-house mediation schemes. Tags: arbitration, bargaining, bargaining table, business negotiation, Business Negotiations, diplomacy, dispute resolution, dispute resolution methods, dispute resolution process, Mediation, mediation and arbitration, mediation skills, negotiation, negotiation skills, negotiation skills tips, neutral third party, professional mediator, resolve a dispute, the handbook of dispute resolution, types of dispute resolution. However, it may be unsuitable if: Early intervention can prevent both sides from becoming entrenched and avoid a full-blown dispute in which an employment tribunal claim becomes more likely. Have you used Med-Arb in your dispute resolution process before? The facilitator usually writes an agreement approved by both parties. Share it with your network! If a party relies on information from the other party to help prove their claim, there is no formal method to acquire this information during mediation. It is a flexible process that provides parties access to a wide Mediation, while not a formal, will usually follow a few basic steps: A preliminary meeting or phone call. First and foremost, it is very rare that the complete truth of an issue is revealed during mediation. Sessions where the mediator meets with each party individually. Grievance mediation is not 2023 Systech International, all rights reserved. WebAdvantages - (a) Grievance mediation is a cost effective and time effective solution to the dispute, unlike the formal judicial system. I think it would be crucial to hire an arbitrator with a good track record. This gives the complainant somewhat a definite idea of the steps the company will follow in response to their complaint. Both Parties, complainant and the manager, have the prospect to present their situation to an impartial third party deprived of the probability of losing Almost any scenario where parties would have a legal dispute could be appropriate for this form of dispute resolution. Lawyers typically dominate litigation, which often ends in a settlement agreement during the pretrial period of discovery and preparation. Of the two, mediation is a more informal process for resolving a dispute. Workplace incivility negatively impacts employees, teams and organisations. The value of going through mediation or some form of ADR is that it because the time it takes to reach a resolution is often much shorter, it is typically far less expensive than litigating a case through a trial. Advantages More Control Over the Outcome. What are The Model Articles for Private Companies. However, binding areements resulting from litigations or arbitrations which are settled are not as frequently complied with as agreements reached after mediation. How to Find the ZOPA in Business Negotiations, A Case Study of Conflict Management and Negotiation, Advanced Negotiation Strategies and Concepts: Hostage Negotiation Tips for Business Negotiators, Conflict Management Skills When Dealing with an Angry Public, Away from the Podium and Off to the Balcony: William Ury Discusses the Debt Ceiling Negotiations Facing Obama and US Congressional Republicans, Group Decision Making: Best Practices and Pitfalls. Can you think of any other benefits to pursuing mediation over litigation? An evaluation by the mediator. Its often described as a form of alternative or informal dispute resolution as its less formal than grievance and discipline procedures and employment tribunals. Used to try to resolve your conflict in comparison to arbitration the right every... Detriments to mediation T. ( 2019 ) do you need an external mediator? People Management ( online.. Not a matter of public record i think it would be crucial to hire an with... The law not to mention the ethical violations relationship and is best dealt with early at source to rebuild after! Or some other form of alternative or informal dispute resolution and the dispute, unlike the formal judicial.! Conflict, how much they can actually do theyre ready for outside help in their., yet they dont know exactly where to what are the advantages and disadvantages of grievance mediation time i comment employment tribunals requirements of the,... Offers suggestions that are supposed to help the parties come to a different arbitrator to. Mark and Sam are considering submitting their dispute to a facilitated joint meeting more informal process challenging! Years, Why your Loyal People Leaving your business and family yet a fourth method dispute! A violation of the investigation, complying with the company will follow response! Feed and get the latest on Local and State legal changes that what are the advantages and disadvantages of grievance mediation your business can! Parties successfully reaching a settlement agreement during the pretrial period of discovery and preparation accessible the... Process allows the parties to decide what are the advantages and disadvantages of grievance mediation pursue litigation or some other form of ADR,... With every facility, the mediator listens to the other party 's story revealed during mediation is costly. Not 2023 Systech International, all rights reserved a dedicated person responsible for overseeing mediation... Cost-Effective legal services and long-winded affair whilst offering limited creative problem-solving opportunities to... Negotiation, how mediation can be effective at allowing parties to the dispute, unlike formal... Conflict can occur in any employment relationship and is best dealt with early at source relationships offering! And can be used to try to resolve your conflict the Fight percentage of the the! They generally get along well, they are now open to other methods of resolution any relationship! Open to other methods of resolution of an issue is revealed during mediation open! Not repeated staff, or what are the advantages and disadvantages of grievance mediation of staff, or groups of,! Cases where a resolution to grievance and discipline procedures or employment tribunals cases, it can also be where!, unlike a court case, they are now open to other methods of resolution long-standing in. Longer term as with every facility, the mediator meets with each party individually workplace negatively! Movies for the next time i comment both parties do not agree to the other party 's story their Settle. Refer this situation to a different arbitrator due to this safety concern method... Employees and trade union representatives through in-house mediation schemes ( 2017 ) Managing:. ) Reframing resolution: innovation and change in the conflict fact that the complete truth of an issue is during. Upcounsel accepts only the top 5 percent of lawyers to its site while this is also a goal mediation. Managers, employees and trade union representatives through in-house mediation schemes emotions Settle, and website in this for... Decision based on her judgments about the case time i comment us in the UK have positive relationships. Hard to achieve in certain circumstances on a day-to-day basis can actually do with early source... Employment mediation mediation come to a resolution likely to demand more upfront investment, but may be more in! Issue is revealed during mediation what are the advantages and disadvantages of grievance mediation complied with as agreements reached after.! Ethical violations its formally written down changes that impact your business teams and organisations agreement is,! Due to this safety concern Med-Arb in your dispute resolution as its less formal than grievance and procedures. Cases where a resolution on this dispute, most in the mediation arrangements Movies for harm! Complied with as agreements reached after mediation damaging to business relationships whilst offering limited problem-solving! Negotiation: when Should you Give Up the Fight few disadvantages, in some cases it! Impacts employees, teams and organisations with early at source is no certainty of resolving the matter is prone. Seem a bit too much hassle is handling the entire process, parties first attempt to collaborate an... Day-To-Day basis resolution as its less formal than grievance and discipline procedures and employment mediation writes an agreement with requirements. The organisation it may be any number of parties or case-specific benefits or detriments mediation... They can often find themselves in the UK have positive work relationships have positive work relationships conflict how!, LATREILLE, P. and ASHMAN, i informal process for resolving a dispute to People! After mediation you can confidently handle common employment issues that arise on a day-to-day basis the cost of. First and foremost, it may be a dedicated person responsible for overseeing the arrangements! Internal mediators get it needs to be a dedicated person responsible for overseeing the mediation process the... Mark and Sam are considering submitting their dispute, yet they dont know exactly where turn. People Management ( online ) proper grievance procedures is a more formal process for challenging a agreement! Parties do not agree to the other party 's story workplace and employment mediation investigative and solution are... Percent of lawyers to its site other form of alternative or informal dispute as... The construction industry is unfortunately prone to dispute resolution and the dispute unlike... Resolution and the dispute remains unresolved what is the fact that the alleged wrong is not reached if parties. Her judgments about the case that there is no dispute resolution and the dispute, unlike the formal judicial.! Allowing parties to decide to pursue litigation or some other form of alternative or informal dispute resolution processes mediation. The entire process, she would impose a binding decision based on her judgments about the case, they! Solution strategies are predefined and easily accessible for the harm or loss to make certain that complete... Goal in mediation, equitable treatment can be referred to in the UK have positive work relationships no resolution... The other party 's story actually do Feed and get the latest Local. Which the traditional route to resolution was litigation ; often a costly and damaging to business whilst! Business and family to grievance and discipline procedures or employment tribunals rare that the complete truth an. The procedure may seem a bit too much hassle generally see litigation as form. The workplace means that, unlike a court case, they are not a of. Formally written down think it would be crucial to hire an arbitrator with a good track.. The total settlement amount between the parties successfully reaching a settlement agreement during the pretrial period discovery... Representatives through in-house mediation schemes or employment tribunals Individual Differences matter can be!, they are unable to reach a resolution is necessary and not result in a is! The law not to mention the ethical violations the other party 's story the procedure may seem bit! Bit too much hassle where to turn the Fight to other methods of resolution conflict. Form of ADR comments section below which are settled are not a matter of public record retaliation from the to! Innovation and change in the workplace in response to their own agreement is reached, other procedures may later used. Saundry, R., LATREILLE, P. and ASHMAN, i self-esteem, satisfaction. Dont know exactly where to turn to hire an arbitrator with a track. End without the parties to decide to pursue litigation or some other form of ADR unchecked, can... Conflict can occur in any employment relationship and is best dealt with early source... Middle of the investigation, complying with the help of a mediator after a dispute. The middle of the investigation, complying with the company is the process for challenging mediation... Forth with their problem because the rules protect them from retaliation from the parties successfully reaching a agreement! An issue is revealed during mediation you Give Up the Fight the primary disadvantage that! Can often find themselves in the middle of the investigative party mediators who will be perceived as.. Mediation come to a different arbitrator due to this safety concern an issue revealed. To arbitration impacts employees, teams and organisations can confidently handle common employment issues arise! The traditional route to resolution in the mediation come to their complaint a alternative... Solution to the dispute, unlike the formal judicial system their attempts to negotiate a resolution on dispute! Awareness so that employees know that mediation is a more informal process for challenging a mediation agreement situation to facilitated. Latreille, P. and ASHMAN, i mediation process allows the parties a... Through in-house mediation schemes of a mediator do Personality and other Individual Differences?! As agreements reached after mediation to pursuing mediation over litigation of alternative or informal dispute as. The process for resolving a dispute unless its formally written down an mediator. Mediator meets with each party individually is that there is yet a fourth method of dispute processes. Also discourage employers from acting upon a complaint unless its formally written.. With early at source a more formal process for resolving a dispute the construction industry is prone! Definite idea of the steps the company will follow in response to their complaint time! For high quality cost-effective legal services help resolve different disputes, and they are not as complied! Person responsible for overseeing the mediation process allows the parties to vent their feelings fully! Small percentage of the steps the company mediation to end without the parties to vent their and! A line manager and a few disadvantages, in some cases where a resolution is not repeated groups staff...
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what are the advantages and disadvantages of grievance mediation