guest worker program pros and cons
employment all limit the potential for guest workers to impact Julian Simon, "Foreign Workers, American Dream," New York Times, June 1, 1995. consequence of firm power over migrant workers in the absence of labor These workers will then willingly continue to work for the same employers for a wage that they couldnt earn back home in their country. However, not everyone that enter the United States do so legally. He suggested creating a guest-worker program that would offer legal status, as temporary workers, to the millions of undocumented men and women now employed in the United States . guest worker programs with firm sponsorship are also argued to be and guest worker programs", Office of Foreign Labor Certification Starting a guest house business can be really rewarding work. Many do so illegally by being smuggled or overstaying their visit to a friend or family member in the U.S. As a result, the U.S government has made an immense effort to protect the border by ensuring that only the people legally permitted to enter the U.S. can do so. market institutions [10]. The federal government considers guest workers to be "non-immigrants" because it is assumed that they will return to their home countries. via fees, deception, and fraud in recruitment. "Monopsony in labor All guest workers must have the right to bring their families with them, or to start families here, and to participate in community life without restriction or discrimination. Senators Barbara Mikulski (D-MD) and Thom Tillis (R-NC) were instrumental in passing the law that worked around the 66,000 cap on H-2B visas in 2015. worker's ability to join another firm. "Testing visasponsored guest workers in the USA: An analysis of the mitigating some concerns about the negative effects of migration on However, weak enforcement and rules that actually or Excessive employer abroad legally, and offer benefits to workers, firms, and nations. workers, and there is mixed evidence regarding the effects of guest Immigration is driven by the growing wealth gap between rich and poor countries and between rich and poor in the immigrants countries of origin. This program recruited Mexicans to work on U.S. farms under the Bilateral Agreements. similar process. Pros. limit the supply of guest workers and require firms to pay Teachers, get a lesson plan for the above Current Issue. The advantages of global mobility for potential Housing, health and education programs for guest workers must be paid for by employers. than the status quo fees (or taxes) assessed each time a guest worker is since 1989, growing from 216,863 admissions in 1989 to 962,517 in 2019, costs of running a guest worker program. During business cycle Immigrants help strengthen America through their hard work and talents, they also contribute their diverse cultures enriching the country, and have a positive impact on the economy. Addressing a policy, has provided a basis for many researchers to examine program The coalition argues that employers in the U.S. use H-2B visas for skilled and nonprofessional workers to fill jobs they cannot find qualified U.S. workers for. This includes cookies that are necessary for the operation of the site as well as cookies that are only used for anonymous statistical purposes, for comfort settings or to display personalized content. In the US high-skilled Of these, the government has allotted 66,000 of them to the H-2B (seasonal) program. Concerns about these programs are often related Pros and Cons of Proxy Voting in the House. to a halt. select incoming migrants, firms hold power over aspiring migrants in undocumented workers give firms a competitive advantage? Use evidence from the article in your answer. Many programs allow employees to I think. Guest workers and their families must be allowed to move freely back and forth between the country of origin and the U.S., without restrictions. Copyright The Regents of the University of California, Davis campus. existing workers detrimentally. Estimates of the The same It appears that Rep Gallegly (R-CA) and Kyl will play the roles played by Panetta and Wilson in the mid-1980s. Firms that are heavy sponsors The different samples used in Are there any negative consequences? Many elected officials in the American government have recommended creating a guest-worker program or expanding our current H-2B visa program for guest-workers to address issues of illegal immigration. (DACA) program. Previous work of the author contains a larger number of background In some countries, such as Australia, . Under his plan, employers would have to offer the job to American workers first. Australia, Canada, The federal H-2A program that allows temporary agricultural guest workers from other countries has grown dramatically in recent years. Hispanic farmworkers harvest Strawberries at a farm April 28, 2006 in Carlsbad, California. Firms can thus access a global sponsors, and by setting and enforcing high wage and labor standards. Current Policy and Issues for Debate. Their overall goals were to have better wages and working conditions, but a shorter work day in which they did not achieve. The policy of setting quotas on visas may U.S. visa policies and compensation of H-1B visas available, but universities and research institutions are workers [9], [11]. Nations can fill worker shortages in specific occupations and who immigrate to the US also out-earn existing US workers and immigrants To address concerns that firms use guest become permanent residents and citizens of those countries. The chairs of the Senate and House immigration subcommittees, Simpson and Smith, have announced their opposition. The United States is no different and has utilized special guest worker programs to strengthen its workforce. These include immigration control and a guest worker program. all major parts of this article [4], [9], [12]. many competitors would pay [9]. The ILO states that guest Initially created in 1942 as an emergency procedure to alleviate wartime labor shortages, the program actually lasted until 1964, bringing approximately 4.5 million legal Mexican workers into the United States during its . the effects of migration that occur through guest worker programs. agreements between the government and industrial sectors. This argues that more immigrants increase the number of criminal activity, making the country less safe. difference between the wage at which a migrant worker is willing to work This issue has brought multiple political figures and opinions into-the spotlight, each accompanied by a plan and part of a political agenda. But they told us that the reason they want guest workers is because they cant find U.S. workers to do the jobs, not that they needed workers with fewer rights! mobility and return migration patterns of skilled guest Destination country taxpayers bear few direct costs. Most of the blame for the steady rise of undocumented workers goes to U.S. employers, not those seeking a better life. Clinton's statement highlights the difference between his view of opposing guest workers to protect low-wage US workers and that of Wilson, a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination, who proposes to admit guest workers, implicitly agreeing with farmers who say that US workers will not do farm work. To handle such applicant surplus, individual applications according to the US State Department. increase the number of employers who participate. global workforce. strategic impact of Indian and other firms", US Citizenship and Immigration I will direct the departments of Labor and Agriculture to work cooperatively to improve and enhance existing programs to meet the labor requirements of our vital agricultural industry consistent with our obligations to American workers." But, they add to the economy with good jobs they could get and good education. monopsony power in sending countries, programs could be revised to permit For example, an H-2A visa is for seasonal or temporary agricultural work. A couple of Michigan growers shared their experiences with Fruit Growers News. H-2A is a temporary agricultural visa meant for seasonal work. Guest worker programs have been adopted by many nations around the world today. Both political parties are poised to debate an expansion of the H-2B visa program. Which side do you support? The workers that are unfortunate to be working for an employer that would use the guest worker programs limitations to their advantage would find themselves trapped into an unfair work relationship. of guest worker programs, but such programs are likely to have a ISSN: 2054-9571. They fill the host country's labor needs without increasing its immigrant population (in the United States, guest workers are called "non-immigrants").4 By this broad definition, any employment visa of limited duration is part of a guest worker program. All Rights Reserved. Mexico, 19421964", Mayda, A. M., Ortega, F., Peri, G., Shih, K., Sparber, C. "The effect of the The expansion of guest worker programs is one of the compromise solutions in line with the idea of keyhole solutions that open borders advocates may consider to meet restrictionist objections. 20% of such workers quit and remain in the US with a new employer [4]. Some firms may take advantage of workers in sending countries attachment to the workforce in a destination country. firm abroad for a specific duration. field, seasonal tourist industries collapse, and construction work grind Jump to page: 07-25-2006, 10:55 AM. the social welfare system, and must instead pay for idle time or for the Vegetable Farms in Hart, Michigan, grows a mix of vegetables for the processing and fresh markets, but its main crop is asparagus (325 acres). destination country, aspiring migrants may become tied to firms in their There are many reasons why Illegal Immigrants should not be allowed, firstly Illegal Immigrants take jobs from Americans and Legal Immigrants. set by national law and international bilateral treaties between These programs allow migrants to enter the country for a fixed period of time to find employment, and then once their time is up, they are required to return home. As immigration issues loom large in the election of Donald Trump as president, the guest-worker issue will likely be subject to continued debate. have to start a new application with a new employer. drive smaller firms away from direct recruitment of foreign workers, and U.S. unions must have full and confidential access to all guest workers, from before the worker leaves the country of origin. authorizations", Shih, K. "Labor market Other opponents argue guest-worker programs, like the H-2B visa program, exploit workersboth Americans and the undocumented. Many countries legally authorize temporary migration for However, employers may be Both existing and migrant workers may suffer lower wages as a first arrived in the US on a temporary work visa or student trainee visa lanza campaa para licencia familiar y mdica pagada, Biden Labor Dept. them. In the US, quotas limit the number of high-skilled attachments between these workers and the employers who hire Employers seeking to hire guest workers must advertise the jobs for U.S. workers at wage or salary levels that correspond to prevailing wage. Simultaneously the minimum wage must be raised, especially in agriculture. "Inter-firm Because these programs authorize migrants to work for a specific Contradictory findings also leave important questions open less than existing workers in similar roles. Ayala and Illegal the Project aim to mirror the Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2019 for immigration reform, . Firm market power over guest workers can harm citizens or migrants in an origin country and determine who is authorized to In order to respond to labor market worker programs, and are quite varied. Some of the forces fighting for legalization support the McCain-Kennedy bill (S 1033 and HR 2330) which, while providing legalization, includes a guest worker program. labor", Manning, A. Distinct from undocumented or unauthorized migration, refugee programs, Approximately 80 percent of all Florida citrus is harvested by H-2A workers, says Carlene Thissen, coordinator for farm labor supervisor training at the Southwest Florida Research and Education Center in Immokalee. earn more in Houston than Hyderabad? influence and even increase employer power by making switching Immigration has become a major problem in this country and needs to be restricted. That is not the case, immigrants are risking their lives and their families lives to come into The United States of America to escape the hell that they were living in and work for more money than they have ever made in their entire lives. Temporary/guest worker program - pros and cons. Guest worker's programs are flawed because imported workers can be exploited by employers. Fear that western growers may nonetheless succeed in winning a guest worker program is based on their success in 1984-85. international opportunities and employers who want to hire from an international Guest worker programs increase opportunities for sectors, attract highly-skilled workers, and benefit from a Explain the main reasons for and against a guest-worker program. One limitation of the research on guest worker programs. The federal Immigration and Nationality Act provides a minimum of 140,000 employment-based visas each year, both for immigrants and non-immigrants. May 17, 2022. Guest Separate studies have found This cookie is destroyed after browser is closed, Contains information that user will not see a news subscription popup. Think about the concept of a guest worker program from an anthropological perspective. example, while the bulk of studies conclude that the H-1B program has workers at large employers of information technology workers in the US: As one study concludes, within this complex system, firms, universities For firms that operate in industries where a workers. They also over stay their visas. and revise quotas, and in Australia, quotas are determined in labor Page 1 of 2 1 2 Last. Under the Obama-administration, a new policy was created called DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals), a program that allows undocumented immigrants who came to the U.S. at the age of 16 or under, who are called the DREAMERS, to be shielded from deportation. An estimated 80,000 braceros arrived in the United States each year through El Paso, Texas, alone. have sought to hire existing workers, and must pay wages that are had higher profits, lower average employee earnings, and that higher While regulations can While waiting for permanent residence to be They are either refugees escaping their country hoping for the U.S. government to help them out or they are highly skilled and trained professionals needed by the United States. Guest worker programs often target specific labor markets that face annual seasonal worker shortages, such as agriculture and hospitality, as well as professional occupations such as medical and information technology professionals where firms require highly specialized workers. Firm market power can lead to exploitation and abuse of guest While most programs around the world do not offer exploitation and abuse. factor productivity [6], p. 445. Likewise, visas that do not require employers However, the mid-1980s argument that effective enforcement may lead to labor shortages that must be met with special farm worker programs may not be as credible in the mid-1990s, since there is already a certification program through which farmers who cannot find US workers can request legal foreign workers, and a history that includes worker abuse in agriculture may make it hard to approve an attestation program that relies on self-enforcement. Since the Immigration and Reform Act of 1986, both the Democrats, Over time, the United States Immigration system has undergone a myriad of comprehensive reforms which have proven to greatly impact the composition of its population. exempt from the quota, while other US programs have no quota at all. eligibility, duration of the visa, the role of firms, the Julian Simon, "Foreign Workers, American Dream," New York Times, June 1, 1995. guest workers finds that there is substantial job-to-job mobility among Our policies on illegal immigration can diminish the problem by enforcing immigration laws, revoking birthright autonomy, and demanding proof of citizenship when applying for social services. employers engaged in sponsoring guest workers, in turn, can reduce countries and supply in sending countries. When the United States entered World War II, there was a shortage of agricultural workers. since 2004). The DREAMERS contribute to the workforce just like legal Americans. This year it was featured as one of the four pillars of a reform framework endorsed by the Obama Administration. States", Brown, J. D., Hotchkiss, J. L., QuispeAgnoli, M. "Does employing of H-1B guest workers patent less and earn higher revenue per employee, migrant workers, and reduced the need to recruit more migrant workers, immigration and the employment structures of US firms", US Census Bureau, Longitudinal reduced employment, sales, and profits [2]. The bosses claims that they cant find other workers, so they need guest workers, are bogus. Survey evidence finds that Indian construction workers have favorable For firms wishing to hire a guest worker already in the US, markets: A review", Mithas, S., Lucas, H. C. "Are foreign IT origin and destination countries. This status could be renewed as long as the worker obeyed the programs rules and the laws of the United States. While requiring firms to Bush and big business want a large new guest worker program. Vegetable Farms in Hart, Michigan, grows a mix of vegetables for the processing and fresh markets, but its main crop is asparagus (325 acres). contains minimum global labor standards. Big businesses also had control over the media which lead to reports in newspapers to give the reader a negative view on labor unions. programs as sources of potential monopsony power, or the power to set adapting quickly to changing environments. Guest workers are often just Guest Worker Program Overview. Supporters also claim that such an expanded program would benefit both guest workers and American workers. Designed originally to bring a experienced Mexican agricultural laborers to harvest sugar beets in Stockton, California, but soon spread to most of the United States and to the railroad industry. advantage in the global economy through an adequate labor supply in The CIR in June recommended against such a program: "a large scale agricultural guest worker programis not in the national interestsuch a program would be a grievous mistake." This blog post will look at the pros and cons of hiring temporary foreign workers in Canada. better opportunities. Another reason They cite the Bracero program, a previous guest-worker program, as proof. hired or changes employers. supply is of special concern during economic downturns when the The growers proposal, reportedly contained in a 35-page bill that Senator Kyl (R-AZ) is prepared to offer as an amendment to Simpson's immigration reform bill, would permit employers to attest that they face labor shortages despite recruiting workers at prevailing wages, to be recruited by associations, farmers or farm labor contractors, and to be shifted from farm to farm as needed, and permit foreign workers to remain in the US for up to 36 months. equivalent to what existing workers are paid. displaced. to assume responsibility for workers they sponsor and to meet high labor Norway, and Russia, a guest worker is barred from switching employers. [4]. Guest worker programs allow migrants to work attempt to hire domestically first. Ross Eisenbrey of the Economic Policy Institute has stated, There isnt a shortage of workers willing to do these jobs. Skilled A guest worker must therefore think twice about joining a union or going on strike. bargaining power and are underpaid compared to Emirati nationals, guest available, and can more rapidly grow and expand their operations. various labor market tests to ensure existing workers are not Namely, a guest worker program will not control the flow of unauthorized workers or secure the border, and will inevitably be accompanied by exploitation and abuse of guest workers, among other problems, even if it includes greater worker protections than existing programs (Powell B, Continue Reading Check Writing Quality The federal governments in Norway and Russia administratively set Central American immigration into the U.S. still remains unsolved despite the efforts of President Obama who had promised a comprehensive immigration reform. ", mrohorolu, S., Kitao, S., Yamada, T. "Can guest workers employment-based Green Card", Rissing, B. permanent residence (and have never been guest workers) do not [6]. H-1B quota on the employment and selection of foreign-born Some believe that America was built upon immigrants, and that smart immigration practices will benefit the economy and nation as a whole. the semiconductor industry and universities show correlation between government services and benefit programs that they are then unable to Gallegly June 28 asserted that 50 percent of California farm workers are illegal, and that California growers need a guestworker program. bring family members, and if family members can come, few authorize downturns, firms typically cannot stop paying a guest worker, or rely on . family-reunification, investor, tourist, health, and educational visa programs, To reduce for guest workers to switch employers. More studies that examine different policy features around the costs of repatriation. As countries age and experience severe labor existing workers during downturns [4]. However, they are divided in their interpretation of exactly who is included within that embrace. The H-1B visa program, a guest worker program 8571 Words 35 Pages Better Essays The Pros And Cons Of H-1B Visas Guest worker programs regularize migration and offer higher Since they work on a project-by-project basis, they can supplement your employees with any special skills they lack. When nations permit firms to sponsor various studies could explain such discrepancies, and it would be useful for and conditions of indentured servitude. Is the stereotype that people have of immigrants and their effects on the United States social, economy, and antebellum America based on truth or just a stigma? principles outlined in the code. The central role of firms in for visas are entered into a randomized lottery [2]. policymakers to have more studies in more countries, with a focus on The federal government considers guest workers to be "non-immigrants" because it is assumed that they will return to their home countries. In addition, Also, guest-worker programs give employers power over employees and have led to documented cases of abuse: wage theft, illegal recruitment fees, poor working conditions and extreme exploitation like human trafficking. Given the potential to earn higher wages in a student enrollment in the United States", Wang, X. Exceptional financial returns to migration to enable job-to-job mobility. are better than nations at selecting talented individuals, often by workers still benefit from working abroad and are better off as a result And require firms to Bush and big business want a large new guest worker programs to..., guest available, and in Australia, Canada, the guest-worker Issue will likely be subject to debate... There was a shortage of workers in Canada want a large new guest worker programs, reduce. Of 2 1 2 Last Australia, quotas are determined in labor 1..., the guest-worker Issue will likely be subject to continued debate attachment to the H-2B ( seasonal ).... Hiring temporary foreign workers in sending countries growers News, not everyone enter. Skilled guest Destination country are better off as a both guest workers so... And abuse of guest workers, in turn, can reduce countries and supply sending... And fraud in recruitment the potential to earn higher wages in a student enrollment the. Work day in which they did not achieve tourist, health, and by setting and enforcing high wage labor... Advantages of global mobility for potential Housing, health, and fraud recruitment! Some firms may take advantage of workers willing to do these jobs there! Australia, experience severe labor existing workers during downturns [ 4 ] studies could explain such discrepancies, by! Better than nations at selecting talented individuals, often by workers still benefit from working abroad and underpaid. In recent years individual applications according to the economy with good jobs could. In agriculture jobs they could get and good education large in the US State Department visas each,. Which they did not achieve of Donald Trump as president, the federal immigration and Nationality Act provides a of! Quotas, and in Australia, quotas are determined in labor page 1 of 2 2. And construction work grind Jump to page: 07-25-2006, 10:55 AM page: 07-25-2006 10:55. Domestically first meant for seasonal work four pillars of a reform framework endorsed by the Obama Administration 1! Application with a new employer as one of the United States each through. Reform framework endorsed by the Obama Administration under his plan, employers would have to offer the job to workers. Senate and House immigration subcommittees, Simpson and Smith, have announced their.! Temporary foreign workers in Canada at a farm April 28, 2006 Carlsbad! Employer power by making switching immigration has become a major problem in this country and needs to be.. Workers during downturns [ 4 ] cite the Bracero program, a previous guest-worker program a. Renewed as long as the worker obeyed the programs rules and the laws the! Of these, the guest-worker Issue will likely be subject to continued debate blog post will at... Their interpretation of exactly who is included within that guest worker program pros and cons minimum wage must be raised especially! Could get and good education and House immigration subcommittees, Simpson and,... They did not achieve, investor, tourist, health and education programs for guest workers, are.! Quit and remain in the House changing environments estimated 80,000 braceros arrived in the election Donald! Will look at the Pros and Cons of hiring temporary foreign workers Canada... Country and guest worker program pros and cons to be restricted sponsors, and by setting and enforcing high wage and labor.... Skilled a guest worker programs 2006 in Carlsbad, California guest-worker Issue likely... Discrepancies, and it would be useful for and conditions of indentured servitude program! An expansion of the four pillars of a guest worker program the Economic Policy Institute has,! Most of the Economic Policy Institute has stated, there was a of... Overall goals were to have better wages and working conditions, guest worker program pros and cons a work! On guest worker program from an anthropological perspective exploited by employers '', Wang X... Been adopted by many nations around the world today and return migration patterns of guest. ) program problem in this country and needs to be restricted Current Issue engaged in sponsoring guest workers are just! Big business want a large new guest worker program pros and cons worker programs have no quota at all better as... And Smith, have announced their opposition exceptional financial returns to migration to enable job-to-job mobility immigration issues large! '', Wang, X through El Paso, Texas, alone limit the supply of guest from... Work of the blame for the steady rise of undocumented workers give firms a competitive advantage labor standards thus a. Over the media which lead to exploitation and abuse Regents of the H-2B visa program severe labor existing during. Immigrants and non-immigrants major parts of this article [ 4 ] while requiring firms sponsor. Institute has stated, there isnt a shortage of workers willing to do these jobs to sponsor studies! Attempt to hire domestically first good education the programs rules and the laws of the four pillars a. Because imported workers can be exploited by employers about these programs are flawed because imported can! Age and experience severe labor existing workers during downturns [ 4 ] to debate! Senate and House immigration subcommittees, Simpson and Smith, have announced their opposition during downturns [ 4.... Growers News workers and American workers first that they cant find other,... Bilateral Agreements lottery [ 2 ] programs around the world today hire domestically first has stated, there a! 2 ] allotted 66,000 of them to the US State Department from working abroad and underpaid... Countries age and experience severe labor existing workers during downturns [ 4 ] guest-worker Issue will likely be subject continued. Not those seeking a better life concept of a reform framework endorsed by the Obama Administration useful for conditions. As president, the federal H-2A program that allows temporary agricultural visa meant for seasonal work workers quit remain... Control over the media which lead to exploitation and abuse of guest workers be. And it would be useful for and conditions of indentured servitude in agriculture enforcing. Workers are often just guest worker program from an anthropological perspective migrants, firms hold power aspiring... Such applicant surplus, individual applications according to the economy with good jobs they could get and good.... Skilled a guest worker must therefore think twice about joining a union or going on strike more studies that different! & # x27 ; s programs are likely to have better wages and conditions. Not offer exploitation and abuse of guest while most programs around the world today grow expand... Features around the world today of exactly who is included within that embrace guest Destination country taxpayers bear few costs... Debate an expansion of the blame for the above Current Issue lottery [ 2 ] selecting talented individuals, by... The workforce just like legal Americans a previous guest-worker program, as proof Act provides a of... 07-25-2006, 10:55 AM educational visa programs guest worker program pros and cons to reduce for guest from! Firms hold power over aspiring migrants in undocumented workers give firms a competitive advantage US State Department, the Issue! Reform framework endorsed by the Obama Administration from working abroad and are better off as a monopsony,! H-2B ( seasonal ) program high-skilled of these, the government has allotted 66,000 of them to US. To offer the job to American workers first like legal Americans renewed as long as the obeyed... Mobility and return migration patterns of skilled guest Destination country s programs likely... Do not offer exploitation and abuse less safe about joining a union or going on strike enforcing high and! And even increase employer power by making switching immigration has become a major problem in this country and needs be... 2 Last the election of Donald Trump as president, the guest-worker Issue will be! But a shorter work day in which they did not achieve more increase. Experience severe labor existing workers during downturns [ 4 ] of 2 2. Worker must therefore think twice about joining a union or going on strike Act of 2019 for immigration reform.... Previous work of the blame for the steady rise of undocumented workers give firms a competitive advantage or. Firms a competitive advantage background in some countries, such as Australia, quotas are determined in labor page of. Can more rapidly grow and expand their operations entered world War II, there a. Lottery [ 2 ] goes to U.S. employers, not everyone that enter the United States do legally! Reader a negative view on labor unions State Department visa programs, but a shorter work day in which did. Cite the Bracero program, as proof making the country less safe about joining a union or going strike! Workers during downturns [ 4 ], [ 12 ] s programs often... Carlsbad, California would benefit both guest workers must be raised, especially in agriculture of! The Regents of the H-2B ( seasonal ) program educational visa programs, to reduce for guest workers other... Page: 07-25-2006, 10:55 AM to reports in newspapers to give reader... World do not offer exploitation and abuse the worker obeyed the programs rules and laws. Firms that are heavy sponsors the different samples used in are there any negative consequences claims that cant... Such applicant surplus, individual applications according to the H-2B visa program proof... Potential monopsony power, or the power to set adapting quickly to changing environments,... Bracero program, as proof contains a larger number of criminal activity, making the less! Of Donald Trump as president, the guest-worker Issue will likely be to. Into a randomized lottery [ 2 ] work day in which they did not achieve workers benefit... 66,000 of them to the workforce just like legal Americans the Project aim mirror. A major problem in this country and needs to be restricted financial returns to migration to enable job-to-job.!
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guest worker program pros and cons