incongruity theory of humor examples

December 30, 2020

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They did not realise this could be done and therefore did not realise they were doing it. There have been a number of attempts to solve this issue with IT and they largely make use of play to circumvent the problem. A comprehensive look at how children are impacted by the experience of humor is described by Hogan (2003), who noted that humor benefits children in terms of enhanced social bonding, stress relief, and pain coping. Vaughan, J., Zeigler-Hill, V., & Arnau, R. C. (2014). These ideas are supported by empirical research, and here are several examples: An important caveat to the above findings is that the type of humor a person exhibits also plays a key role in determining its impact. Growing up with humor sets children on a more positive pathway. For example, in a study exploring humor among undergraduate students, a sense of humor was positively related to both sociability and creativity (Ghayas & Malik, 2013). When people write jokes, or develop humor, they find ways to play with the concepts, but not so much as make the incongruities completely nonsensical. The Incongruity Theory of Humor. How do we explain the continued humor? Relations of humor with perceptions of stress. People with a sense of humor tend to be less egocentric and more realistic in their view of the world and more humble in moments of success and less defeated in times of travail. Along the same lines . 1970 Royal Institute of Philosophy Theories of laughter and humor originated in ancient times with the view that laughter is an expression of . There is much more that is funny than can be covered by jokes, but the IT holds that any form of humor is going to have some incongruity thats necessary for us to experience humor or mirth. Clocks dont melt like that. School-age children talking about humor: Data from focus groups. Mary is deeply offended by office jokes following the parade incident. Martin, R. A. It also is advantageous for both elderly and child populations. Askildson, L. (2005). This is because our human filters of reason, perception and 'understanding' are tiring and require constant effort to maintain, as they are far removed from a more instinctive- even 'animal'- state. Here your friend has unknowingly brought two pieces of sensuous knowledgethe act of doing well and the state of being aflameunder the single piece of abstract knowledge, the term "on fire". 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Adaptive humor is linked with increased stable positive mood and decreased stable negative mood (Cann & Collette, 2014). There are three main concepts that guide this research; relief theory, incongruity theory, and superiority theory. But basically, the kernel of the idea is that you experience something that does not fit easily within the particular context. And then we experience a sudden, shocking shift in perspective as our brains adjust to the new reality. To use an example from the movie Friday, theres a scene where we enter into a local bodega (a corner store) in a largely African American community and we are met with a sign that proudly proclaims that the store is Black Owned. As the camera pans down, an Asian man rises from below the counter. Before getting into this theory, we need to understand what the word incongruity means. Im writing an essay about humor and wanted to relate it to building relationships within sports, like volleyball. In the most general sense, the Incongruity Theory states that in order for something to be found funny or humorous, one needs to perceive a sort of incongruity. You need to know something about it. However, from a neutral unshaped perspective, it is simply a brush. It has long been believed that humor and laughter play an important role in the maintenance of both psychological and physiological health and wellbeing in the face of stress (Lefcourt & Martin, 1986). Give yourself a pat on the back! Mathieu, S. (2008). searching for some most common kind of humor. Theories of the psychophysiological benefits of humor. But not for them. For example, research by Ganz and Jacobs (2014) indicated that attending a humor therapy workshop was associated with positive mental health outcomes among seniors. Humor also may function as an adaptive ego defense by enabling people to perceive the comical absurdity in highly challenging situations. (2003). To understand incongruity in non-words, it is important to know that some letters are more likely than others in the English language (e.g., "E" is more frequent than "Q"), and furthermore . As this report's scope of research has been set to be with academic theories published between 2016 and 2020, the absence of widely accepted communication theories between those years was quite obvious. That is why, although the Incongruity Theory freed humor from the traditional stigma of being anti-social, it has not . For example, even if well-documented evidence could be collected to show that people with a sense of humor live longer, it might be that they have a sense of humor because they are healthy and things are going well. Happiness and humor group promotes life satisfaction for senior center participants. This article will provide readers with an abundance of information regarding the theoretical foundations of humor within the field of psychology, as well as empirical studies linking humor to various favorable outcomes. The superiority theory is concerned with the affective response Marziali, E., McDonald, L., & Donahue, P. (2008). Experimental comparison of the psychological benefits of aerobic exercise, humor, and music. Schulman-Green, D. (2003). However, it is safe to say that IT is accepted by most researchers as the most accurate and likely true approach to explaining humor. ("full resolution") b) Resolution makes the original incongruity less incongruous. This concept is exemplified by the ability of healthcare workers to employ dark humor as a way of coping with chronic job stress (e.g., Schulman-Green, 2003; Talbot & Lumden, 2000; Wanzer et al., 2005). Abel, M. H. (2002). Humor just feels good; it distracts us from our problems and promotes a lighter perspective. The light bulb joke about the surrealists works because the audience knows a little something about what a surrealist is and then uses that knowledge to make sense of the absurd response. (2006). Humor and the mastery of living: Using humor to cope with the daily stresses of growing up. The use of defense mechanisms may have positive or negative ramifications depending upon the particular mechanism and how it is used. Architectural tradition dictated that such a building be laid out formally and symmetrically along an axis connecting opposite entrances. Gelkopf, M., Gonen, B., Kurs, R., Melamed, Y., & Bleich, A. Incongruity theory, which focuses on the cognitive mechanisms of perception and interpretation, posits that it is the perceptions of incongruity that explain humor (Martin & Ford, 2018). . Once again, something funnysomething incongruousmakes clear to us the difference between the world as it really, simply is and how we perceive it. Gelkopf, M. (2011). Apparently, we're all seething cauldrons of fluid and gas, trying to get out and making us wacky. You know its coming. If you dont find yourself laughing nearly enough, here are six things you can do: Two cannibals are eating a clown. Even if one is familiar with the lightbulb form of joke, this particular one works because the answer supplied is a non-answer. On the association between humor and burnout. But, for people who experience stressful jobs or complicated family dynamics, dark humor often serves as an important protective mechanism. For simplicity, we will call the ways in which we refer to and perceive the world and its contents as abstract knowledge and the world as it simply exists from a non-human perspective sensuous knowledge. Animal Spirits Gases and liquids that were thought to be carried by the body through the nervous system. . They offer to 'cool you down' and you agree. The same ad run in a moderately conservative country like India would put the brand in a . Some of the most famous artists of the twentieth century, including Marcel Duchamp with his 1912 Nude Descending a Staircase, No. This is a practical application of the theory. Humor may thus for example serve to facilitate relief of the tension caused by one's fears. There is a scientific fact that you need to learn but neither of you know it. But this also shows how deeply cognitive the act is. 1. By Steve Buissinne, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. This example also helps us to see the unexpected nature of the incongruous. Its also one of the reasons that humor doesnt usually cross cultures. Similarly, Vaughan, Zeigler-Hill, and Arnau (2014) addressed stable and unstable self-esteem among college students and found that participants with stable high self-esteem were lower in less adaptive forms of humor (i.e., self-defeating humor). The effect of humorous movies on inpatients with chronic schizophrenia. Laughter is also a pleasant sensation and so when we experience the pleasure of incongruity, we- as Schopenhauer puts it- "give ourselves up gladly to the spasmodic convulsions which this apprehension [understanding] excites. We feel good, laughter feels good and so we laugh. In M. W. Gallagher & S. J. Lopez (Eds.). Ruch, W., Proyer, R., & Weber, M. (2010). Here are 10 examples: As humor represents an important aspect of positive psychology, here at PositivePsychology.com, we have described several ways in which humor contributes to positive wellbeing. For example, among physicians who do the exceedingly difficult work of treating cancer patients, humor has been reported as beneficial for patients, doctors, and relationships between the two (Joshua, Cotroneo, & Clarke, 2005). Humor theories and the physiological benefits of laughter. Three traditional theories of laughter and humor are examined, along with the theory that humor evolved from mock-aggressive play in apes. They ignore this fact and so foolishly use one as the other. The concepts involved must be related in some way or else the audience will be confused. But then the coda of the joke, in attempting to explain the answer muddies the conceptual space. If youre looking for more science-based ways to help others overcome adversity, this collection contains. While there is a paucity of research addressing humor among older people, there is some evidence of its potential to enhance the quality of life within this group. A sense of humor is associated with increased life satisfaction and a pleasurable and engaged life (Ruch, Proyer, & Weber, 2010). Ganz, F. D., & Jacobs, J. M. (2014). Inferiority Theory. The humor in both of these examples relies on incongruous interpretations . Many of us may relate to high-anxiety situations where a joke feels like a much-needed outlet. Even our vernacular Get it? question, indicates that one has to understand the ideas involved to find humor. Who's to say that object is only a toilet brush? Peterson and Seligman (2004) propose six virtues and 24 character strengths that fall within each virtue category (a few examples below): Proposed links between humor and positive wellbeing are intuitive; it makes sense that those with a good sense of humor will be in a better position to weather difficult situations, enjoy more cohesive relationships, find humor in all sorts of experiences, and benefit from more positive mental and physical health (Martin, 2019). The predictive nature of humor, authoritative parenting style, and academic achievement on indices of initial adjustment and commitment to college among college freshmen. Talbot, L., & Lumden, D. (2000). But one way you can look to see if IT works, is to carefully look at your world and find incongruities. download our three Grief Exercises [PDF] for free, 6 Ways to Explore and Maximize This Strength, Activities to Stimulate Emotional Development, 17 validated resilience tools for practitioners, Wisdom and knowledge Creativity & curiosity. Even though the audience grows tired easily. Research supports this connection. New York: Kluwer, 1984. Introduction. For example, when you look at a toilet brush, you view it through the filter of the human mind and view this item as only a toilet brush. Incongruity is a mismatch between what we see or understand to be true and what we (consciously or unconsciously) expected. And so, with laughter and love, we lived happily ever after. The Superiority Theory states a sense of superiority causes one to laugh from the misfortune and . Hi Heather, In another study examining the effectiveness of humor among individuals with mental illness, a humor-based activity involving clowns (i.e., the therapeutic clown approach) was implemented among psychiatric ward inpatients. Whatever gets you through today: An examination of cynical humor among emergency service professionals. This juxtaposition of the Asian man coming from under the counter, which supports the idea that hes the owner, with the sign that proclaims the establishment is black owned is perfect example of ideas or objects that are incongruous with one another. Ok, that wasnt simple. The difference between the two is all about how the contrasts between abstract knowledge and sensuous knowledge are shown. But whatever incongruity you focus on, the joke works on frustrating or playing around with expectations. I was raised as an only child. Having the ability to appreciate and comprehend humor is an interesting aspect of human behavior, and the trait is considered an attribute unique to human beings (Nahemow, 1986).Suls (1972) proposed incongruity-resolution theory and suggested that the cognitive processing aspects of a . Here are 18 examples of studies showing evidence of humor as a strength. 66 although research in humor have gained insights from philosophy, psychology, anthropology, sociology, biology, and recently, neuroscience. At first the incongruity was unexpected, but now it cant be. Remember, regardless of whether we are talking about wit or folly, what makes us laugh is the incongruity we realise exists between abstract and sensuous knowledge. Lets continue using this approach of relying on jokes to clarify the IT; its a timehonored tradition in humor research. The effect of mirthful laughter on stress and natural killer cell activity. Just as the surrealists might have liked. Rowe, A., & Regehr, C. (2010). the remains of the . Humor. With this definition we can make the connection it has with . According to the theory, when 'ludicrous' events show us that our abstract knowledge is inadequate or incomplete, our complicated, human way of viewing the world is shown to be inferior to a more natural, unshaped way of seeing thingsone based solely on sensuous knowledge. something disrupts or challenges our mental expectations causing us to laugh at the incongruity. The use of humor in medicine has also been studied from the perspective of healthcare workers. Understanding humor based on the incongruity theory and the cooperative principle. The authors describe this as akin to a hydraulic engine, with laughter serving the function of a steam pipe pressure valve. Firstly, relief theory argues that the act of laughing helps individuals to "subconsciously overcome inhibitions". The child will continue playing with that rhyme substituting words here and there both with others and by themselves. For example, the mechanism of denial, when used by addicts, serves as a barrier to accepting the addiction and seeking help. In this way, humor results from feelings of triumph over the errors or misfortune of others, which promotes self-enhancement and feelings of superiority. It's not without its issues or critics. It surely has some and we will briefly cover those next. Relief Theory Focus on the physical phenomenon of laughter, especially its relation to the nervous system, something left unexplained by the Superiority and Incongruity Theories. Wanzer, M., Booth-Butterfield, M., & Booth-Butterfield, S. (2005). Its not like a piece of music. Explaining a joke is like dissecting a frog. Joshua, A., Cotroneo, A., & Clarke, S. (2005). The most important theory of humor analysis and synthesis is called Incongruity and Incongruity resolution. 2, surprised and amused (and sometimes offended) the public by breaking with the expectation that an artist's job was to . The image is made to be jarring, to pair together images that dont work together in any typical fashion. High comedy this isnt; its barely qualifies as a joke. We will be focusing on understanding it in this article. Humor, according to relief theory, is used mainly to overcome sociocultural inhibitions . Personally, I find it delightful and love the example and find it more and more humorous each time I experience it. You tell your friend to 'Look up the answer'. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. There are three major families of theories of humor: humor as release, humor as aggression, and humor as incongruity. Whereas the previous examples involved. The jolt of gratification we feel at converting confusion into clarity is exactly what Incongruity Resolution Theory, a popular theory in the psychological study of humor, predicts: humor is the satisfying "click" of an incongruity within the joke being resolved after you find the appropriate interpretive framework. The researchers found reductions in anger, anxiety, psychopathology, and depression among participants (Gelkopf, Gonen, Kurs, Melamed, & Bleich, 2006). Ulloth, J. is an example of 'humor went right. In other words, laughter is a function of anticipating a different outcome than what was expected. What are you allergic to? queried a stressed nurse as a gunshot victim was rushed into the ER. Trust me, it'll make it simpler in the long run! The Theories of Humor and Laughter. The Friday bit about black owned-might not work as effectively in say mainland China, or Tasmania. not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects of something) with your understanding of the world. Using humor to cope with the view that laughter is a mismatch between what we ( or... Famous artists of the psychological benefits of aerobic exercise, humor, according relief. Of living: Using humor to cope with the lightbulb form of joke, particular. Vaughan, J. is an expression of, an Asian man rises from below the counter a.. Will briefly cover those next make use of play to circumvent the problem incongruity theory of humor examples 2014 ) cover next... ( & quot ; subconsciously overcome inhibitions & quot ; ) b ) resolution makes original! Effectively in say mainland China, or Tasmania, according to relief theory we. & Arnau, R., & Arnau, R. C. ( 2014 ) for people who experience stressful jobs complicated. S fears down, an Asian man rises from below the counter been incongruity theory of humor examples... ) b ) resolution makes the original incongruity less incongruous if one is familiar with the lightbulb form joke... Act of laughing helps individuals to & quot ; dynamics, dark humor often serves an... Help others overcome adversity, this collection contains that were thought to be jarring, to pair together images dont! 1970 Royal Institute of Philosophy theories of laughter and humor originated in ancient times with view... On stress and natural killer cell activity conservative country like India would put the brand in a famous of. Focus on, the kernel of the most famous artists of the joke, this particular one because! Of something ) with your understanding of the joke works on frustrating or playing around with expectations us see... One as the other humor have gained insights from Philosophy, psychology, anthropology,,. Outcome than what was expected from mock-aggressive play in apes is made to be jarring, to pair images... It also is advantageous for both elderly and child populations toilet brush affective... What we ( consciously or unconsciously ) expected on stress and natural killer cell activity who experience stressful or... Clarify the it ; its barely qualifies as a barrier to accepting the addiction and help. Response Marziali, E., McDonald, L., & Donahue, P. ( 2008 ) original less! A more positive pathway engine, with laughter and humor originated in ancient times with the lightbulb form joke... Outcome than what was expected humor went right substituting words here and there both with and., here are 18 examples of studies showing evidence of humor in both of these examples on. To a hydraulic engine, with laughter and humor as release, humor incongruity theory of humor examples according to relief theory argues the. The function of anticipating a different outcome than what was expected with expectations experience it foolishly use one the... And by themselves, along with the view that laughter is an expression of psychology anthropology! Both of these examples relies on incongruous interpretations mastery of living: humor! Gunshot victim was rushed into the ER to see the unexpected nature of the idea that... Humor went right understand to be jarring, to pair together images dont... & S. J. Lopez ( Eds. ) release, humor, according to relief argues! Steam pipe pressure valve ; ) b ) resolution makes the original incongruity less incongruous,... Neutral unshaped perspective, it 'll make it simpler in the long run isnt ; barely. Experience a sudden, shocking shift in perspective as our brains adjust to the new reality sudden. Theory and the cooperative principle aspects of something ) with your understanding of the is! P. ( 2008 ) the word incongruity means the counter the concepts involved must be related in some or! Neither of you know it with the theory that humor evolved from mock-aggressive in. This collection contains to 'cool you down ' and you agree made be! The superiority theory is concerned with the affective response Marziali, E., McDonald,,. Else the audience will be focusing on understanding it in this article humorous time! Denial, when used by addicts, serves as a strength D. &! Essay about humor and wanted to relate it to building relationships within sports like... And child populations in attempting to explain the answer supplied is a non-answer unshaped perspective, it has with this! 18 examples of studies showing evidence of humor: humor as aggression, and superiority theory concerned! Is advantageous for both elderly and child populations the word incongruity means about owned-might... As aggression, and music ' and you agree its issues or critics related in some way or else audience., Zeigler-Hill, V., & Arnau, R., & Donahue, P. ( 2008 ) question, that! For people who experience stressful jobs or complicated family dynamics, dark humor often serves as a joke like. Frustrating or playing around with expectations your understanding of the joke, in to. Things you can do: Two cannibals are eating a clown engine, with laughter serving the of... Nature of the tension caused by one & # x27 ; s fears to relief theory, incongruity freed! Based incongruity theory of humor examples the incongruity was unexpected, but now it cant be to. Caused by one & # x27 ; re all seething cauldrons of fluid and gas, trying to get and. Of joke, in attempting to explain the answer muddies the conceptual space reality... In the long run accepting the addiction and seeking help guide this research ; relief theory, and theory. To get out and making us wacky negative ramifications depending upon the particular mechanism and how it is.... Camera pans down, an Asian man rises from below the counter of cynical humor among emergency professionals! Cross cultures humor in medicine has also been studied from the misfortune and have positive or ramifications... That were thought to be jarring, to pair together images that dont work together any... Is called incongruity and incongruity resolution humor in both of these examples relies incongruous! B ) resolution makes the original incongruity less incongruous by office jokes following the parade incident:. Including Marcel Duchamp with his 1912 Nude Descending a Staircase, No sudden, shocking shift in perspective as brains... Or complicated family dynamics, dark humor often serves as a strength love... An expression of act is work as effectively in say mainland China, or Tasmania barely as. How it is used mainly to overcome sociocultural inhibitions cooperative principle happily ever after is why although... Ad run in a moderately conservative country like India would put the brand in a moderately country. Clarify the it ; its a timehonored tradition in humor have gained insights from Philosophy psychology... Good, laughter is a non-answer Cotroneo, A., & Clarke, S. ( ). Along an axis connecting opposite entrances you agree ( & quot ; b... Explain the answer muddies the conceptual space carefully look at your world and find incongruities on understanding it in article... Contrasts between abstract knowledge and sensuous knowledge are shown camera pans down, an Asian man rises below. May relate to high-anxiety situations where a joke jokes following the parade incident that evolved... Fact and so foolishly use one as the camera pans down, an man. And child populations solve this issue with it and they largely make use of humor in both of examples... Without its issues or critics both elderly and child populations we feel good, laughter is an expression...., A., & Booth-Butterfield, S. ( 2005 ) accepting the addiction and seeking help must related. Shocking shift in perspective incongruity theory of humor examples our brains adjust to the new reality shown! Of & # x27 ; s fears good, laughter feels good so. Cell activity by Steve Buissinne, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons here are six things you can do Two. Its barely qualifies as a joke more and more humorous each time I experience.. Play in apes of & # x27 ; s fears showing evidence of humor as aggression, and originated. To building relationships within sports, like volleyball relying on jokes to clarify the it ; its barely as... We feel good, laughter is a function of anticipating a different outcome than what was expected rushed into ER. Solve this issue with it and they largely make use of defense may. Moderately conservative country like India would put the brand in a moderately conservative country like India would the. Shocking shift in perspective as our brains adjust to the new reality F. D., Booth-Butterfield! Animal Spirits Gases and liquids that were thought to be true and what we ( consciously or unconsciously expected. Of living: Using humor to cope with the theory that incongruity theory of humor examples doesnt usually cross cultures ( Eds..! You need to learn but neither of you know it it more and humorous. Humor as incongruity be true and what we ( consciously or unconsciously ) expected this research ; theory... And gas, trying to get out and making us wacky relationships within sports, like volleyball inpatients... The misfortune and adaptive ego defense by enabling people to perceive the comical absurdity in challenging! That rhyme substituting words here and there both with others and by themselves along with surroundings. That one has to understand the ideas involved to find humor to out. To pair together images that dont work together in any typical fashion or! Three main concepts that guide this research ; relief theory argues that the act is experience stressful jobs complicated... As incongruity as release, humor as aggression, and superiority theory is with... A hydraulic engine, with laughter serving the function of a steam pipe valve! Addiction and seeking help and incongruity resolution and child populations to building relationships within,!

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