what did ivan achieve during his reign
During his reign, he acquired vast amounts of land by ruthless means, creating a centrally controlled government. Ivan III and the End of the Golden Horde. The persecution of the boyars during Ivan IV's reign began under the harsh regulations of the . People from the forest north of the Black Sea. The name literally means "the living image of Aten.". In his attempt to establish his reign, he ignored the economy. 1. The Boyar Council ruled the zemshchina ('land'), the second division of the state. The combination of bad harvests, devastation brought by the oprichnina and Tatar raids, the prolonged war and overpopulation caused a severe social and economic crisis in the second half of Ivan's reign. Of course, polygamy was also prohibited by the Church, but Ivan planned to "put his wife away". What did Ivan try to say to his wife right before his death? [87] Eisenstein's success with Ivan the Terrible Part 1 was not repeated with the follow-up, The Boyar's Revolt, which angered Stalin because it portrayed a man suffering pangs of conscience. Ivan the Terrible was crowned in 1547. Ivan was the son of Vasili III, the Rurikid ruler of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. A pro-Russian party, represented by Shahgali, gained enough popular support to make several attempts to take over the Kazan throne. Vasili's mother was an Eastern Roman princess and member of the Byzantine Palaiologos family. . Meanwhile, the Union of Lublin had united the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Kingdom of Poland, and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth acquired an energetic leader, Stephen Bthory, who was supported by Russia's southern enemy, the Ottoman Empire. His behaviour seems to have varied a lot, as he could at times be intelligent and quiet. '"[38] This degree of oppression resulted in increasing cases of peasants fleeing, which, in turn, reduced the overall production. Two weeks after his coronation, Ivan married his first wife, Anastasia Romanovna, a member of the Romanov family, who became the first Russian tsaritsa. During his reign, he acquired vast amounts of land through ruthless means, creating a centrally controlled government. Responsible for killing 80,000 people and impaling 20,000, Vlad Dracula committed some of history's grisliest acts as the ruler of 15th-century Wallachia. The Renaissance in Europe began in what country? Ivan did not want to commit the mortal sin of missing Sunday liturgy, so he forced the archbishop to say mass one more time. According to his own letters, Ivan, along with his younger brother Yuri, often felt neglected and offended by the mighty boyars from the Shuisky and Belsky families. How did Ivan I earn the gratitude of the Mongols? He ruled from this seat of power until his death in 1505. The reverses undermined Safa Giray's authority in Kazan. Ivan died from a stroke while playing chess with a close friend in 1584 at the age of fifty-three. He may also have been inspired by the model of Archangel Michael with the idea of divine punishment. This civil war erupted after the death of Vasily's father, after which the former ascended to the throne at age 10. The Russian word translated "terrible" in his name . Through research I found out that this opera is an adaptation of a play originally written by Lev Mey, a Russian dramatist and poet ('The Tsar's Bride'). Ivan was the first son of Vasili III and his second wife, Elena Glinskaya. [34][36] The oprichniki were headed by Malyuta Skuratov. Which of the following was true of the Byzantine emperors? His long reign, firstly as grand prince and then as the first tsar, witnessed Russia conquer the Kazan and Astrakhan Khanates and expand its borders into Siberia but this coincided with a long and costly war in Livonia, raids at the hands of the Crimean Tatars and the madness and violence of the Oprichnina as Ivan lost his mind. ; Brandenberger, David. Born to the lineage of Ivan the Great, Ivan the Terrible has several accomplishments but he is mostly remembered for his flaws and some grave errors which have been attributed to his disorders. January 22, 1440 - October 27, 1505. [51], After his conquest of Kazan, Ivan is said to have ordered the crescent, a symbol of Islam, to be placed underneath the Christian cross on the domes of Orthodox Christian churches.[52][53][54]. The Russians also had the advantage of efficient military engineers. . Russia remained isolated from sea trade. [33][34] Ivan agreed to return on condition of being granted absolute power. "Ivan IV's Personal Mythology of Kingship". In 1570, Ivan ordered the oprichniki to raid the city. [48], Ivan was the first ruler to begin cooperating with the free cossacks on a large scale. In 1566, Ivan extended the oprichnina to eight central districts. The First Pskov Chronicle estimates the number of victims at 60,000. [32] (See also Serfdom in Russia.). Stalin told Eisenstein: "Ivan the Terrible was very cruel. In the later years of Ivan's reign, the southern borders of Muscovy were disturbed by Crimean Tatars, mainly to capture slaves. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); World History Edu 2023. He ruled for 72 years, until his death in 1715, making his reign the longest of any European monarch. Basil's grave, which was added to St. Subjugating Muslim khanates turned Muscovy into an empire. While on his presumed deathbed, Ivan had asked the boyars to swear an oath of allegiance to his eldest son, an infant at the time. Russia was devastated by a combination of drought, famine, unsuccessful wars against the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, Tatar invasions, and the sea-trading blockade carried out by the Swedes, the Poles, and the Hanseatic League. Renaissance artists created an optical illusion of depth using a technique called _______. Ivan served as the co-ruler and regent for his blind father Vasily II from the mid-1450s before he officially ascended the throne in 1462.. In one, the so-called Oprichnina, he ruled as an absolute monarch, a new Genghis Khan. The Russian Orthodox Church officially supported the erection of the monument. [45] Ivan even proposed to her once, and during his troubled relations with the boyars, he even asked her for a guarantee to be granted asylum in England if his rule was jeopardised. In practice, however, fre His legacy even threatened the destruction of the state itself and led to the eventual downfall of the House of Ryurik. For example, after the capture of Polotsk, all unconverted Jews were drowned, despite their role in the city's economy.[72]. On the basis of art history and . Most toiled their lives away askrepostnoy krestyanin, or unfree peasants, commonly known as serfs. She was a daughter of Thomas Palaiologos, the younger brother of the last Byzantine Emperor, Constantine XI Palaiologos (r. The "boyars," who were the Russian nobles, lost the most power during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. The most notable accomplishments of Ivan IV include: Establishing a standing army. The city controlled the major trade route between the Middle East and China. Many noble families deserted him and he lost popular support during this mourning phase. The Oprichnina, an organization founded by Ivan the Terrible, was probably responsible for at least 40,000 deaths (although this number is debatable). From 1547 to 1584, Ivan the Terrible reigned as the first tsar of Russia and made a mark on the country that still endures to this day. Suleiman became Sultan in September 1520 when his father, Selim I, died. At the same time, one of Ivan's advisors, Prince Andrei Kurbsky, defected to the Lithuanians, took command of the Lithuanian troops and devastated the Russian region of Velikiye Luki. Peter the Great was the 14th child of Czar Alexis by his second wife, Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina. As well as the negative things that he did to Russian society during his reign of thirty-seven years. 18 March] 1584), commonly known in English as Ivan the Terrible, was the grand prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and the first Tsar of all Russia from 1547 to 1584.. Ivan was the son of Vasili III, the Rurikid ruler of the Grand Duchy of Moscow.He was appointed grand prince after his father's death . The German merchant companies ignored the new port built by Ivan on the River Narva in 1550 and continued to deliver goods in the Baltic ports owned by Livonia. The first statue of Ivan the Terrible was officially open in Oryol, Russia in 2016. The displaced refugees fleeing the war compounded the effects of the simultaneous drought, and the exacerbated war engendered epidemics causing much loss of life. Ivan the Terrible was the first tsar of all Russia. The development of the tsar's autocratic powers reached a peak during . What have I suffered for want of garments and food! For the volcano, see, "Ioannes Severus dictus (15301584), inde ab anno 1533 magnus princeps Moscoviensis", Pavlov, Andrei and Perrie, Maureen (2003). There is evidence that at some point during the Reign of Terror, there was an official writing to the National Convention asking permission to start killing people without giving any of them a fair trial. . III, , 1841, Riasanovsky, Nicholas V., and Mark D. Steinberg (2011). Effects include nervousness, irritability, change of temperament, and tremor. In the early 500s, Justina high-ranking military commander in Constantinople (now Istanbul)took Justinian under his wing. When he turned 16 in 1547, Ivan was handed the reins to the country, given the title of czar and grand prince of all Russia. Which of the following characterizes humanism? Many Russian prisoners and slaves were released. In 1547 he became Russia's first tsar. - Martin Luther King, Jr. https://westportlibrary.libguides.com/IvanTheTerrible. During his minority, which marked the first phase of Ivan's reign, first, his mother, Grand Princess Elena, and, then, after her death in 1538, various boyar (aristocratic) cliques vied for power. what did ivan achieve during his reign. Ivan IV was the first Rus' prince to title himself "Tsar of All the Russias" beginning the long tradition of rule under the tsars. Consolidating more power in the region than any ruler . [26], Ivan's expedition against Poland failed at a military level, but it helped extend Russia's trade, political and cultural links with other European states. Many people in history are infamous and yet subjects of great interest. How did the rise of a middle class in the Italian city-states affect the Renaissance? Ivan IV Vasilyevich (Russian: ; 25 August 1530 - 28 March [O.S. Except for the island of Saaremaa, Denmark had left Livonia by 1585. Here, things become quite disturbing. He was the first ruler of a centralized Russia, known as Czar which was a term inspired from Caesar of Ancient Rome. He successfully extended the Franks' reign to the north, south, and east. Continue reading from Biography, For hundreds of years, from as early as the 11thcentury up to the middle of the 19th, Russians lived in a feudal society. Narva, in Estonia, was reconquered by Sweden in 1581. Casualty figures vary greatly from different sources. He was a larger-than-life figure, and he became a legend in his own lifetime. His long reign saw the conquest of Tartary and Siberia and subsequent transformation of Russia into a multiethnic and multi-confessional state, yet his life among his family . 14 mai 2022 [25] The newly appointed title was then passed on from generation to generation, and "succeeding Muscovite rulers benefited from the divine nature of the power of the Russian monarch crystallized during Ivan's reign".[26]. His beard is reddish-black, long and thick, but most other hairs on his head are shaved off according to the Russian habits of the time". In 1551, the wooden fort of Sviyazhsk was transported down the Volga from Uglich all the way to Kazan. Ivan IV Vasilyevich (Russian: ; 25 August 1530 28 March[O.S. Ivan VI was born on August 23, 1740, at St.Petersburg, Russia, to Prince Anton Ulrich of Braunschweig-Bevern-Lneburg and Anna Leopoldovna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. He wouldnt just execute the traitors and law breakers but also confiscate their properties. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The last siege of the Tatar capital commenced on 30 August. Not a lot of detail is known about his early life, and historians debate his accomplishments as a leader. rebuilt the fortifications of Constantinople. For hundreds of years, from as early as the 11, LearnMore About Ivan the Terrible and Russia Online, 10 Most Important Russian Czars and Empresses(ThoughtCo). During his reign, he acquired vast amounts of land through ruthless means, creating a centrally controlled government. During the early years of his reign, when he was married to Anastasia Romanovna, he proved to be a very effective ruler. The 1560s brought to Russia hardships that led to a dramatic change of Ivan's policies. This series of treasons made Ivan paranoically suspicious of nobility. The crowning glory of Justinian's reign was_________________. Russia during the 16th Century is dominated by one figure: Ivan the Terrible, who has gone down in history as one of the most infamous leaders of all times. His name at birth was Petrus Sabbatius. to 1547 C.E. He conquered the Khanates of Astrakhan, Kazan and Sibir and under his reign Russia had an area of over one billion acres. The first half of his reign was promising. the onset of a disease that destroyed the population. [65] The letters are often the only existing source on Ivan's personality and provide crucial information on his reign, but Harvard professor Edward L. Keenan has argued that the letters are 17th-century forgeries. He read the scripts of Tolstoy's play and the first of Eisenstein's films in tandem after the Battle of Kursk in 1943, praised Eisenstein's version but rejected Tolstoy's. Amidst declining popularity and rising intolerance on his part, he started destroying the major noble families in Russia. During his reign, Peter the Great carried out extensive reforms which affected every field of national life including administration, industry, commerce, technology, and culture. He is also called Ivan the Terrible. This cannot be called an achievement but Ivan IV became Ivan the Terrible after his wifes death. Which of the following artistic styles developed during the Renaissance? He wanted to build a buffer zone between Russia and the Mongols. using perspective to show three dimensions on a flat surface. 18 March]1584),[2] commonly known in English as Ivan the Terrible,[3][4][5][6] was the grand prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and the first Tsar of all Russia from 1547 to 1584. Ivan was his parent's eldest son and had four other siblings. [78] The empire's local administration combined both locally and centrally appointed officials; the system proved durable and practical and sufficiently flexible to tolerate later modification. [62] The event is depicted in the famous painting by Ilya Repin, Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan on Friday, 16 November 1581, better known as Ivan the Terrible killing his son. This gentry class would become the backbone of the Russian military for 3 centuries - Cossacks. trust in the workplace quotes; chevy 10 bolt rear end widths; savannah brinson space jam He left Moscow and wanted to abdicate the throne, although it is not known if it was a serious threat that he would follow through. what did ivan achieve during his reign. he Justinian Code decided legal questions that regulated whole areas of Byzantine life. [63][64], D. S. Mirsky called Ivan "a pamphleteer of genius". He suffered from depression and became a recluse as a result. Each sentence below has two blanks, each blank indicating that a word has been omitted. At the bottom was a huge class of peasants, very few of them free. [80] Successive wars drained Russia of manpower and resources and brought it "to the brink of ruin". Answer (1 of 2): Ivan the Terrible was the first tsar of all Russia. [69], Despite the absolute prohibition of the Church for even the fourth marriage, Ivan had seven wives, and even while his seventh wife was alive, he was negotiating to marry Mary Hastings, a distant relative of Queen Elizabeth of England. "The new title symbolized an assumption of powers equivalent and parallel to those held by former Byzantine Emperor and the Tatar Khan, both known in Russian sources as Tsar. The Russian word reflects the older English usage of terrible as in "inspiring fear or terror; dangerous; powerful" (i.e., similar to modern English terrifying). Which of the following correctly describes how noblewomen were different from peasant women? In addition to Zasechnaya cherta, innovative fortifications were set beyond the Oka River, which defined the border. Khan Devlet I Giray of Crimea repeatedly raided the Moscow region. The grandson of Ivan the Great, Ivan the Terrible, or Ivan IV, acquired vast amounts of land during his long reign (1533-1584), an era marked by the conquest of the khanates . Explain Russia's pattern of expansion during the reign of Ivan III and IV? How did Ivan I earn the gratitude of the Mongols? Machiavelli wrote a book suggesting that good leaders can't always make _______ decisions. Emperor Nicholas II ruled Russia for more than twenty-two years: from 2nd November [O.S 20 October] 1894 to 15 March [O.S. He also established distant forts in the newly conquered lands. It was during this time, from 1552 to 1556, that Ivan IV started becoming more violent in his ways. After several days of heavy fighting, Mikhail Vorotynsky with the main part of the army flanked the Tatars and dealt a sudden blow on 2 August, and Khvorostinin made a sortie from the fortifications. A boyar envoy departed for Aleksandrova Sloboda to beg Ivan to return to the throne. The first tsar of all Russia, Ivan the Terrible, or Ivan IV, had a complex personality. Natalia N. Mutia. He came into power when Moscow had many economic and cultural advantages in the norther provinces. In other words, his domain was not limited only to Muscovy. C It may have given him more influence over other slaves. In your opinion, are Americans today likely to be more or less lonely than the early settlers? Ivan also made Moscow the centre of the Russian world by considerably expanding its borders. In 1558, Ivan gave the Stroganov merchant family the patent for colonising "the abundant region along the Kama River", and, in 1574, lands over the Ural Mountains along the rivers Tura and Tobol. Ivan IV. When the Tsarina died in . Ivan III Vasilyevich, also known as Ivan the Great, was born in Moscow in 1440 and became Grand Prince of Moscow in 1462. The argument ended with the elder Ivan fatally striking his son in the head with his pointed staff. He could not control his anger and ended up executing lawbreakers and traitors. Updated on August 31, 2019. He had inherited a government in debt, and in an effort to raise more revenue for his expansionist wars, he instituted a series of increasingly-unpopular and burdensome taxes. [10] Vladimir Dal defines grozny specifically in archaic usage and as an epithet for tsars: "courageous, magnificent, magisterial and keeping enemies in fear, but people in obedience". a movement focused on human potential and a study of the classics, First woman to achieve an international reputation; known for her portraits, a true "Renaissance man"; known for the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, known for his use of perspective; often used the Madonna and child as a subject, known for depicting the human body realistically; sculptures include the Piet and David. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. Although Ivan the Terrible is remembered for all the wrong reasons, historians credit him for establishing a centralized Russia that existed for centuries. Ivan the Terrible was the first tsar of all Russia. This left his younger son, the politically ineffectual Feodor Ivanovich, to inherit the throne, a man whose rule and subsequent childless death led directly to the end of the Rurikid dynasty and the beginning of the Time of Troubles. Upon learning of the altercation, his second son, also named Ivan, engaged in a heated argument with his father. He completed the unification of Russian lands, and his reign marks the beginning of Muscovite Russia. Continued Russian expansion and placed greater emphasis on controlling the starts autocracy, caused him to kill many boyars. With some 540 Cossacks, he started to penetrate territories that were tributary to Kuchum. Answer (1 of 3): Ivan the Terrible is credited with stabilizing Russia by expanding the country's borders and establishing a centralized government. Why was conquering Constantinople in 1453 vital to the success of the Ottoman Empire? Only in 1586, two years after the death of Ivan, would the Russians manage to gain a foothold in Siberia by founding the city of Tyumen. "[22] That account has been challenged by the historian Edward Keenan, who doubts the authenticity of the source in which the quotations are found.[23]. [35], Alexsandrova Sloboda was a separate territory within the borders of Russia, mostly in the territory of the former Novgorod Republic in the north. [citation needed] Many modern researchers estimate the number of victims to range from 2,000 to 3,000 since after the famine and epidemics of the 1560s, the population of Novgorod most likely did not exceed 10,00020,000. Which of the following helped cause the Renaissance? Ivan sought to expand Russia to the Baltic Sea and led to a series of wars with Sweden, Denmark, and Poland, among others. From the years 1533 and 1547, he served as the Grand Prince of Moscow, and between 1547 and 1584, he ruled as the Tsar of all the Russias.. Beneath the sentence are five lettered sets of words labeled a through e. Choose the pair of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole. Ivan III the Great was the grand prince of Moscow and the grand prince of all Russia. Formally, the statue was unveiled in honor of the 450th anniversary of the founding of Oryol, a Russian city of about 310,000 that was established as a fortress to defend Moscow's southern borders. rebuilt the fortifications of Constantinople. Hunt, Priscilla. [24] The new title not only secured the throne but also granted Ivan a new dimension of power that was intimately tied to religion. Which one of Suleyman the Magnificent's achievements had the most lasting influence? Known as Ivan Chetvyorty Vasilyevich, Ivan Grozny, Ivan IV; Ivan Vasilyevich and by his nickname Grozny. He placed the most emphasis on defending the divine right of the ruler to unlimited power under God. Historians have estimated the number of casualties of the fire to be 10,000 to 80,000. He helped to crush a Russian revolt against Mongol rule. Back in the 16th Century when it was a nickname bestowed on the Russian ruler Ivan IV, it specifically meant 'awe-inspiring', 'powerful' and 'formidable'. [11] Other translations have also been suggested by modern scholars, including formidable.[12][13][14]. Born circa 1028 in Falaise, Normandy, France, William the Conqueror was an illegitimate child of Robert I, duke of Normandy, who died in 1035 while returning from a pilgrimage to . On 16 June 1552, Ivan led a strong Russian army towards Kazan. His reign saw the completion of the construction of a centrally administered Russian state and the creation of an empire . It provided money to sponsor artists and writers. Which of the following did Justinian achieve during his reign? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. He was the first to be crowned as "Tsar of All the Russias", partly imitating his grandfather, Ivan III the Great, who had claimed the title of Grand Prince of all Rus'. In 1555, shortly after Kazan's conquest, the Tartar Khan in western Siberia pledged allegiance to Ivan. Many believe him to have been mentally ill. One of his violent outbursts was perhaps the reason for his son's death. Ivan's realm was being squeezed by two of the time's great powers. What two groups fought in the Battle of Tours in 732? Unresisted, Devlet devastated unprotected towns and villages around Moscow and caused the Fire of Moscow (1571). . There is a legend that he was so impressed with the structure that he had the architect, Postnik Yakovlev, blinded so that he could never design anything as beautiful again. [62], In 1963, the graves of Ivan and his sons were excavated and examined by Soviet scientists. Many believe h. Recent archival discoveries of 16th-century copies of the letters strengthen the argument for their authenticity. Growing up with insanity, his reign oversaw Russia expand into a great empire. According to Machiavelli's definition of a leader, it is better to be ____ more than _______. [26] Tsarist absolutism faced few serious challenges until the 19th century. Which of the following was not used by Ivan I and his successors as strategies to enlarge their territory? All Rights Reserved. The archbishop was also hunted to death. "Ivan Grozny" redirects here. 'The Tsar's Bride' is a four-act opera that takes place in Moscow, Russia, in the year 1572 under the reign of Ivan IV Vasilyevich or more commonly known as Ivan the Terrible. The Khan stopped only 30km from Moscow and brought down his entire army back on the Russians, who managed to take up defense near the village of Molodi. Ivan IV Vasilyevich (Russian: IV ) (August 25, 1530, Moscow - March 18, 1584, Moscow) was the Grand Duke of Muscovy from 1533 to 1547 and was the first ruler of Russia to assume the title of tsar. Throughout his reign, Ivan the Terrible had expanded Russia by conquering independently-run regions and claiming victory, most notably the siege of Kazan, which also helped later annexation of other areas, per History Today.Even though many independently-run cities had been conquered by Ivan or before him, his instability . The price of grain increased ten-fold. He was appointed grand prince after his father's death, when he was three years old. The tsar was the country's highest leader at that time. Discuss the societal changes that prompted your answer. [39][40][41] According to the Third Novgorod Chronicle, the massacre lasted for five weeks. Not a lot of detail is known about his early life, and historians debate his accomplishments as a leader. This angered Ivan and added to his distrust of the boyars. Detectivi Dambovita. 2 March] 1917. Ivan the Terrible - Russia's first Tsar was also known as Ivan IV. His body was rather asymmetrical, had a large amount of osteophytes uncharacteristic of his age and contained excessive concentration of mercury. In 1897, writer Bram Stoker published the novel Dracula, the classic story of a vampire named Count Dracula who feeds on human blood, hunting his victims and killing them in the dead of night. He demanded the right to condemn and execute traitors and confiscate their estates without interference from the boyar council or church. Ivan the Terrible, born Ivan IV Vasilyevich (August 25, 1530 - March 28, 1584), was the Grand Prince of Moscow and the first Tsar of Russia. Your email address will not be published. drawing more members from aristocratic families. Germanic warriors felt no obligation to obey a king they did not know. Of the six sons of Ivan III, only two remained: Prince Andrey Staritsky and Prince Yuri Ivanovich. B It allowed him to travel about the countryside freely. In 1581, Ivan beat his pregnant daughter-in-law, Yelena Sheremeteva, for wearing immodest clothing, which may have caused her to suffer a miscarriage. Ivan the Terrible ruled Russia from 1533 to 1584. The results presaged the many disasters to come. His successor, Archbishop German of Kazan, also rebuked Ivan for his sins and was therefore dismissed. In his first years as leader, Ivan was less terrible and more peaceful and progressive. That was consistent with Ivan's view of being God's representative on Earth with a sacred right and duty to punish. Which of the following was a knight's main obligation to the lord? Humanists questioned everything in order to form their own opinions. The campaign was successful, and the Cossacks managed to defeat the Siberian army in the Battle of Chuvash Cape, but Yermak still needed reinforcements. There followed brutal reprisals and assassinations, including those of Metropolitan Philip and Prince Alexander Gorbatyi-Shuisky.[28]. During Ivan's reign, Russia started a large-scale exploration and colonization of Siberia. Some agreed voluntarily because they were offered better terms than with Kuchum, but others were forced. His justice and subsequently his authority were challenged every time he initiated what was seen as an unfair execution. He replaced boyars in Novgorod with a gentry class that owed their wealth to Ivan. 20. "Terribly Romantic, Terribly Progressive, or Terribly Tragic: Rehabilitating IvanIV under I.V. From the 11thtill the end of the 16thcentury the elements of serfdom were scattered among certain classes of the rural population. revolt. The first Russian printers, Ivan Fedorov and Pyotr Mstislavets, were forced to flee from Moscow to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
what did ivan achieve during his reign